depending on the boot sequence configured in the computer’s BIOS
The Preboot Execution Environment (in short PXE) is a protocol that enables a computer to be booted on the network.
PXE is saved in ROM on newer network cards some cheap boards do not support it ,
so before you do all this just check wether your board is capable of booting on LAN
To Start with you need
* PXE boot capable machine
* SUSE DVD or CD or ISO files.
o dhcp-
o tftp - to share the boot image
o syslinux - to supply the boot image (pxelinux.0)
Open Suse 10.2 yast2 tftp-server is the correct format do not use the "-" after yast2 instead type without first dash
yas2 tftp-server (note the presence of space and dash -)
yast2 dhcp-server
yast2 nfs-server
o yast2-tftp-server - Graphical configurator for a TFTP server (note in these commands in
o yast2-dhcp-server - Graphical configurator for a DHCP server
o yast2-nfs-server - Graphical configurator for a NFS server.
to see wether DHCP running or not type
rcdhcpd status
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In case you don't have syslinux go to software management and install it from your DVD in case of CD it will tell u appropriate CD to use
before doing all this just check that
DHCP
TFTP
NFS
syslinux
are installed on your machine
-----------------------------------------------
You will also tell PXELINUX to boot the linux kernel we will copy from the openSUSE 10.2 DVD.
in case u dont have a TFTP directory in / then make it and then issue following command
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot
then from Suse 10.2 DVD or first CD u can copy kernel images to boot from
cp /media/SU1020.001/boot/i386/loader/initrd /tftpboot/
cp /media/SU1020.001/boot/i386/loader/linux /tftpboot/
Then
mkdir /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
cd /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
touch default
chmod 777 default
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The boot configuration in the file default should be as follows:
default linux
label linux
kernel linux
append initrd=initrd install=nfs://IP Of SUSE TFTP SERVER/media/SU1020.001
implicit 0
display message
prompt 1
timeout 1
Note in above files I have used /media/SUSE1020.001
you need the DVD inside the DVDROM for this in case you know how to mount the ISO
you can replace with your own installation directory skip the next step if you dont know how to mount an ISO
Skip the following step if you are first time doing network boot
----------------------------------------------------------------
mount -t iso9660 /windows/E/openSUSE-10.2-GM-DVD-i386-iso/openSUSE-10.2-GM-DVD-i386.iso /install -o loop
where /install is the directory where you want to mount the ISO image and
then go to NFS server settings share this /install ( int this the ISO is already mounted you can check that)
then go to /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default and here change the entry
install=nfs://IP of ur TFTP server/directory that has your ISO mounted/ (Note / at last is required
and then also you can boot this is a general process
to create your own boot menu i.e.
to install Fedora Core 5 ,Debian,Windows at the same time on different machines a file called boot.msg can be created and appropriate changes can be done but that is so confusing that I am not mentioning here
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
but with this configuration the dhcp server won’t know about the existence of the tftp server, so we have to add 2 the next-server and filename options. Finally the configuration should look like this:
configure the DHCP and add the following lines in it
next-server IP of TFTP server;
filename "pxelinux.0"
option domain-name ;
mydomainname;;
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 14400;
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.254;
default-lease-time 14400;
max-lease-time 172800;
next-server 192.168.0.1;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample dhcp.conf where TFTP server IP is 44
option domain-name "IPG2004";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.0.44, 192.168.0.44;
option routers 192.168.0.44;
ddns-update-style none;
default-lease-time 14400;
subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.254;
default-lease-time 14400;
max-lease-time 172800;
next-server 192.168.0.44;
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample "default" file in directory /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
default linux
label linux
kernel linux
append initrd=initrd install=nfs://192.168.0.44/install/
implicit 0
display Hi This is Tapas Linux
prompt 1
timeout 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In case any thing goes wrong
1) check syslinux was installed to check type as root
#rpm -q syslinux
the output would tell wether syslinux was there or not
2)the client machine should be enabled in BIOS to boot from Network press F12 or F10 to boot from Lan if you see a DHCP request on your machine then the DHCP server is up and running
3)check DHCP server is on and running
4)check TFTP server in xinetd services is running or not
5)check NFS entries in which file has been exported is it the same as the files in installation DVD
6 )check the IP of your DHCP and TFTP server in
/etc/dhcp.conf and /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
also check the file nams specified
7)check the image that you have mounted is at having chmod 777 permissions in /install directory
8) in case you are using a firewall and you are a newbie then it is better you disable the firewall expert people might check the iptables to see they have allowed above services
9) In case you are getting non graphical screen to install on client machine that means that ROM on your Lan card does not have enough memory to support graphical installation
or the entries in NFS server on the TFTP machine or DHCP or NFS where ever is your exported directory are in suscpicion
Monday, September 6, 2010
Install Linux with an iso downloaded to hard drive
I am describing here a method to install Linux without using a DVD ROM or CD Drive; I have checked it myself.
There are many ways to do so you can install Linux by
1) booting from the network;
2) having an ISO image on your hard disk;
3) booting from USB;
4) installing a linux system from scratch by building your own.
I am assuming that Linux is not installed on your system and neither grub or lilo is there
This method is taking Open Suse 10.2 Image but is same for Fedora or Debian or any other distro .
I have installed by all the above methods but I am describing here the simplest one since there are many new comers who would not be able to understand other methods .Before doing all this make sure
1)that you have enabled the option of viewing file extensions in View Options of folder view.
2) If you use Fedora or any other distributions do not use the NTFS partition to store the
image although Open Suse 10.2 can work from NTFS partition I have done it using NTFS
partition only but will not suggest you to do same
3) Most important do not install linux on same partition on which you have the ISO from which you are installing everything since it will format that hard disk that holds the image you are using
there is an image named openSUSE-10.2-GM-DVD-i386.iso which you would have downloaded rename it to suse.iso (not necessary to do so but will make your life simple )
Similarly for any other linux distro you might have image of fedora or debian etc rename them to some simple filename.
the image is 3.6 GB then download the grub for dos from
http://sourceforge.net/projects/grub4dos
extract the downloaded grub4dos using winzip or winrar ,you will get a folder name grub copy it to C drive
then create a folder name boot in C drive of your windows partition (C drive is not necessary but makes life simple ) .
Now copy grldr from grub to C:
add a line C:\grldr="Start Linux" to
your boot.ini (even if I have mentioned the README there says it all)
Now different distributions of Linux have different kernel names like
Fedora: vmlinuz and initrd.img
Suse: linux and initrd
Mandriva: vmlinuz and all.rdz
Ubuntu: vmlinuz and initrd.gz
Gentoo: gentoo and gentoo.igz
Knoppix: vmlinuz and initrd.img
Slackware: bzImage and initrd.img
Debian: vmlinuz and initrd.gz
use winrar to navigate the ISO image you will go inside folder name boot or where ever the kernel are in your CD or DVD ISO
NOTE ( I took Open Suse 10.2 inside the installation media there was a boot folder inside it was a loader path is openSUSE-10.2-GM-DVD-i386.iso\boot\i386\loader
that had kernel image named linux and the initrd name initrd both are needed)
copy the kernel images vmlinuz and initrd.gz which you see by winrar in ISO archieve from your ISO to folder boot in C drive
both files vmlinuz and initrd are required for any linux system to boot
you can use winrar to view files and extract only two files rather than extracting whole ISO
then you don't need to do any thing just restart the computer and you will get a screen that says
Microsoft Windows XP
Start Linux
choose the option start linux
then go to grub you will find an entry that says command prompt
use command prompt since even after making changes as said in README some times it did not worked
press enter to select the command prompt option
you will get a grub shell showing some thing like this
grub >
now type on grub prompt (grub> ) Note u do not need to type grub > it is already there on your screen if not you did some mistake
In my case it was suse so
grub >kernel (hd0,0)/boot/linux
grub >initrd (hd0,0)/boot/initrd
grub >boot
If you are using some other distribution then above commands will change like this
grub >kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz (depending upon your kernel name)
grub >initrd (hd0,0)/boot/initrd.gz (depending upon your initrd name)
grub >boot
press enter then
now kernel will load and will ask you to choose the medium to boot from choose the medium hard disk it might give some error that insert CD just ignore it if it asks to hit back button then it that then choose the medium etc and then choose the hard disk partition to boot from then it will ask for the file name enter suse.iso in the partition where you have it then press enter if you did every thing right installation will start if you messed up then probably you might get an error like boot.catalog not found or some other error like this only
installation starts it might display some error messages just ignore them and press enter
or hit Back button then choose language keyboard installation then choose installation medium
it gives 3 options
CD
Network
Hard disk
choose the hard disk and then from the hard disk choose the correct partition where you copied the 3.6 GB suse.iso
not do not format the same partition on which image is there
There are many ways to do so you can install Linux by
1) booting from the network;
2) having an ISO image on your hard disk;
3) booting from USB;
4) installing a linux system from scratch by building your own.
I am assuming that Linux is not installed on your system and neither grub or lilo is there
This method is taking Open Suse 10.2 Image but is same for Fedora or Debian or any other distro .
I have installed by all the above methods but I am describing here the simplest one since there are many new comers who would not be able to understand other methods .Before doing all this make sure
1)that you have enabled the option of viewing file extensions in View Options of folder view.
2) If you use Fedora or any other distributions do not use the NTFS partition to store the
image although Open Suse 10.2 can work from NTFS partition I have done it using NTFS
partition only but will not suggest you to do same
3) Most important do not install linux on same partition on which you have the ISO from which you are installing everything since it will format that hard disk that holds the image you are using
there is an image named openSUSE-10.2-GM-DVD-i386.iso which you would have downloaded rename it to suse.iso (not necessary to do so but will make your life simple )
Similarly for any other linux distro you might have image of fedora or debian etc rename them to some simple filename.
the image is 3.6 GB then download the grub for dos from
http://sourceforge.net/projects/grub4dos
extract the downloaded grub4dos using winzip or winrar ,you will get a folder name grub copy it to C drive
then create a folder name boot in C drive of your windows partition (C drive is not necessary but makes life simple ) .
Now copy grldr from grub to C:
add a line C:\grldr="Start Linux" to
your boot.ini (even if I have mentioned the README there says it all)
Now different distributions of Linux have different kernel names like
Fedora: vmlinuz and initrd.img
Suse: linux and initrd
Mandriva: vmlinuz and all.rdz
Ubuntu: vmlinuz and initrd.gz
Gentoo: gentoo and gentoo.igz
Knoppix: vmlinuz and initrd.img
Slackware: bzImage and initrd.img
Debian: vmlinuz and initrd.gz
use winrar to navigate the ISO image you will go inside folder name boot or where ever the kernel are in your CD or DVD ISO
NOTE ( I took Open Suse 10.2 inside the installation media there was a boot folder inside it was a loader path is openSUSE-10.2-GM-DVD-i386.iso\boot\i386\loader
that had kernel image named linux and the initrd name initrd both are needed)
copy the kernel images vmlinuz and initrd.gz which you see by winrar in ISO archieve from your ISO to folder boot in C drive
both files vmlinuz and initrd are required for any linux system to boot
you can use winrar to view files and extract only two files rather than extracting whole ISO
then you don't need to do any thing just restart the computer and you will get a screen that says
Microsoft Windows XP
Start Linux
choose the option start linux
then go to grub you will find an entry that says command prompt
use command prompt since even after making changes as said in README some times it did not worked
press enter to select the command prompt option
you will get a grub shell showing some thing like this
grub >
now type on grub prompt (grub> ) Note u do not need to type grub > it is already there on your screen if not you did some mistake
In my case it was suse so
grub >kernel (hd0,0)/boot/linux
grub >initrd (hd0,0)/boot/initrd
grub >boot
If you are using some other distribution then above commands will change like this
grub >kernel (hd0,0)/boot/vmlinuz (depending upon your kernel name)
grub >initrd (hd0,0)/boot/initrd.gz (depending upon your initrd name)
grub >boot
press enter then
now kernel will load and will ask you to choose the medium to boot from choose the medium hard disk it might give some error that insert CD just ignore it if it asks to hit back button then it that then choose the medium etc and then choose the hard disk partition to boot from then it will ask for the file name enter suse.iso in the partition where you have it then press enter if you did every thing right installation will start if you messed up then probably you might get an error like boot.catalog not found or some other error like this only
installation starts it might display some error messages just ignore them and press enter
or hit Back button then choose language keyboard installation then choose installation medium
it gives 3 options
CD
Network
Hard disk
choose the hard disk and then from the hard disk choose the correct partition where you copied the 3.6 GB suse.iso
not do not format the same partition on which image is there
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