how to restore grub after winxp reinstall

boot up from RedHat installation CD/DVD and execute this code at boot prompt:
Code:


linux rescue
chroot /mnt/sysimage
grub-install /dev/hda
press Ctrl+D two times. machine will reboot and GRUB will be back in business.


Take a look at http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/lin...d-edition.html I have used it several times and it has always worked

Solution to ‘You may be a victim of software counterfeiting’ Problem

Microsoft has started bugging the users of non genuine copies of Windows. If you are also running a non genuine or pirated copy of Windows then there is a full chance of you getting this notification one day or the other.





The problem was reported by one of our viewers that when she updated her copy of Windows with Windows Update then her system started showing this notification that reads “You may be a victim of software counterfeiting” and “This copy of windows does not pass genuine Windows validation”.

These notifications start coming back again after some time and do not feel good. Though I never encourage piracy but here is how you can remove this problem:

1. Before doing anything serious try restoring your system. If the problem is occurring after the Windows Update then System Restore will surely help.

2. But if it does not then do try this, launch Windows Task Manager.

3. Locate the process “wgatray.exe” and end it.

4. Log in into the Safe Mode and delete the file WgaTray.exe from c:\Windows\System32

5. Also delete the WgaTray.exe from c:\Windows\System32\dllcache

6. Type regedit in Run to open Registry Editor, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\Notify key.

7. Delete the folder WgaLogon and all of its contents.

8. Restart the PC normally.

what are the games in Command & Conquer

what are the games in Command & Conquer?





C&C
Command & Conquer (1995)
Command & Conquer: The Covert Operations (expansion pack) (1996)
Command & Conquer: Sole Survivor (1997)
Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun (1999)
Command & Conquer: Tiberian Sun: Firestorm (expansion pack) (2000)
Command & Conquer: Renegade (2002)
Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars (2007)
Command & Conquer 3: Kane's Wrath (expansion pack) (2008)

RED ALERT:
Command & Conquer: Red Alert (1996)
Command & Conquer: Red Alert: Counterstrike (expansion pack) (1997)
Command & Conquer: Red Alert: The Aftermath (expansion pack) (1997)
Command & Conquer: Red Alert: Retaliation (1998) - This was a compilation of Counterstrike and The Aftermath released for the PlayStation
Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2 (2000)
Command & Conquer: Yuri's Revenge (expansion pack) (2001)
Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3 (October 2008)

GENERALS:
Command & Conquer: Generals (2003)
Command & Conquer: Generals – Zero Hour (expansion pack) (2003)

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Some image tips2

Some image tips

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Download Yahoo Messenger 9 full Setup Offline Installer (Yahoo)

please use this download offline installer for yahoo massenger


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150 run command

As we all know sometimes it’s easier to get to a program or Windows XP utility by just entering a command name. Because its really necessary sometimes. Below you’ll find a list of over 150+ windwos XP “run” commands.

List of Commands :

Program	Run Command
Accessibility Controls	access.cpl
Accessibility Wizard	accwiz
Add Hardware Wizard	hdwwiz.cpl
Add/Remove Programs	appwiz.cpl
Administrative Tools	control admintools
Adobe Acrobat ( if installed )	acrobat
Adobe Distiller ( if installed )	acrodist
Adobe ImageReady ( if installed )	imageready
Adobe Photoshop ( if installed )	photoshop
Automatic Updates	wuaucpl.cpl
Basic Media Player	mplay32
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard	fsquirt
Calculator	calc
Ccleaner ( if installed )	ccleaner
C: Drive	c:
Certificate Manager	cdrtmgr.msc
Character Map	charmap
Check Disk Utility	chkdsk
Clipboard Viewer	clipbrd
Command Prompt	cmd
Command Prompt	command
Component Services	dcomcnfg
Computer Management	compmgmt.msc
Compare Files	comp
Control Panel	control
Create a shared folder Wizard	shrpubw
Date and Time Properties	timedate.cpl
DDE Shares	ddeshare
Device Manager	devmgmt.msc
Direct X Control Panel ( if installed )	directx.cpl
Direct X Troubleshooter	dxdiag
Disk Cleanup Utility	cleanmgr
Disk Defragment	dfrg.msc
Disk Partition Manager	diskmgmt.msc
Display Properties	control desktop
Display Properties	desk.cpl
Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected )	control color
Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility	drwtsn32
Driver Verifier Utility	verifier
Ethereal ( if installed )	ethereal
Event Viewer	eventvwr.msc
Files and Settings Transfer Tool	migwiz
File Signature Verification Tool	sigverif
Findfast	findfast.cpl
Firefox	firefox
Folders Properties	control folders
Fonts	fonts
Fonts Folder	fonts
Free Cell Card Game	freecell
Game Controllers	joy.cpl
Group Policy Editor ( xp pro )	gpedit.msc
Hearts Card Game	mshearts
Help and Support	helpctr
Hyperterminal	hypertrm
Hotline Client	hotlineclient
Iexpress Wizard	iexpress
Indexing Service	ciadv.msc
Internet Connection Wizard	icwonn1
Internet Properties	inetcpl.cpl
Internet Setup Wizard	inetwiz
IP Configuration (Display Connection Configuration)	ipconfig /all
IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)	ipconfig /displaydns
IP Configuration (Delete DNS Cache Contents)	ipconfig /flushdns
IP Configuration (Release All Connections)	ipconfig /release
IP Configuration (Renew All Connections)	ipconfig /renew
IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP & Re-Registers DNS)	ipconfig /registerdns
IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)	ipconfig /showclassid
IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)	ipconfig /setclassid
Java Control Panel ( if installed )	jpicpl32.cpl
Java Control Panel ( if installed )	javaws
Keyboard Properties	control keyboard
Local Security Settings	secpol.msc
Local Users and Groups	lusrmgr.msc
Logs You Out of Windows	logoff
Malicious Software Removal Tool	mrt
Microsoft Access ( if installed )	access.cpl
Microsoft Chat	winchat
Microsoft Excel ( if installed )	excel
Microsoft Diskpart	diskpart
Microsoft Frontpage ( if installed )	frontpg
Microsoft Movie Maker	moviemk
Microsoft Management Console	mmc
Microsoft Narrator	narrator
Microsoft Paint	mspaint
Microsoft Powerpoint	powerpnt
Microsoft Word ( if installed )	winword
Microsoft Syncronization Tool	mobsync
Minesweeper Game	winmine
Mouse Properties	control mouse
Mouse Properties	main.cpl
MS-Dos Editor	edit
MS-Dos FTP	ftp
Nero ( if installed )	nero
Netmeeting	conf
Network Connections	control netconnections
Network Connections	ncpa.cpl
Network Setup Wizard	netsetup.cpl
Notepad	notepad
Nview Desktop Manager ( if installed )	nvtuicpl.cpl
Object Packager	packager
ODBC Data Source Administrator	odbccp32
ODBC Data Source Administrator	odbccp32.cpl
On Screen Keyboard	osk
Opens AC3 Filter ( if installed )	ac3filter.cpl
Outlook Express	msimn
Paint	pbrush
Password Properties	password.cpl
Performance Monitor	perfmon.msc
Performance Monitor	perfmon
Phone and Modem Options	telephon.cpl
Phone Dialer	dialer
Pinball Game	pinball
Power Configuration	powercfg.cpl
Printers and Faxes	control printers
Printers Folder	printers
Private Characters Editor	eudcedit
Quicktime ( if installed )	quicktime.cpl
Quicktime Player ( if installed )	quicktimeplayer
Real Player ( if installed )	realplay
Regional Settings	intl.cpl
Registry Editor	regedit
Registry Editor	regedit32
Remote Access Phonebook	rasphone
Remote Desktop	mstsc
Removable Storage	ntmsmgr.msc
Removable Storage Operator Requests	ntmsoprq.msc
Resultant Set of Policy ( xp pro )	rsop.msc
Scanners and Cameras	sticpl.cpl
Scheduled Tasks	control schedtasks
Security Center	wscui.cpl
Services	services.msc
Shared Folders	fsmgmt.msc
Sharing Session	rtcshare
Shuts Down Windows	shutdown
Sounds Recorder	sndrec32
Sounds and Audio	mmsys.cpl
Spider Solitare Card Game	spider
SQL Client Configuration	clicongf
System Configuration Editor	sysedit
System Configuration Utility	msconfig
System File Checker Utility ( Scan Immediately )	sfc /scannow
System File Checker Utility ( Scan Once At Next Boot )	sfc /scanonce
System File Checker Utility ( Scan On Every Boot )	sfc /scanboot
System File Checker Utility ( Return to Default Settings)	sfc /revert
System File Checker Utility ( Purge File Cache )	sfc /purgecache
System File Checker Utility ( Set Cache Size to Size x )	sfc /cachesize=x
System Information	msinfo32
System Properties	sysdm.cpl
Task Manager	taskmgr
TCP Tester	tcptest
Telnet Client	telnet
Tweak UI ( if installed )	tweakui
User Account Management	nusrmgr.cpl
Utility Manager	utilman
Volume Serial Number for C:	label
Volume Control	sndvol32
Windows Address Book	wab
Windows Address Book Import Utility	wabmig
Windows Backup Utility ( if installed )	ntbackup
Windows Explorer	explorer
Windows Firewall	firewall.cpl
Windows Installer Details	msiexec
Windows Magnifier	magnify
Windows Management Infrastructure	wmimgmt.msc
Windows Media Player	wmplayer
Windows Messenger	msnsgs
Windows Picture Import Wizard (Need camera connected)	wiaacmgr
Windows System Security Tool	syskey
Windows Script host settings	wscript
Widnows Update Launches	wupdmgr
Windows Version ( shows your windows version )	winver
Windows XP Tour Wizard	tourstart
Wordpad	write
Zoom Utility	igfxzoom

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What Is Mkv And How To Convert Mkv To Mp4, Avi, Wmv, Mov, Mpg, 3gp, Ipod, Zune, Psp Etc?

Lately, a new format MKV emerged. More and more people start to use MKV. However, lots of people don't know what the MKV is. As seldom players can read it, people may face the problem that they can't use the MKV video. This thread here is to remedy that. I will show you what the MKV is on earth, and how to convert MKV to other popular video format so that your video can be widely used.

What is MKV?
MKV, also known as Matroska, is a multimedia container format. It is not a video or audio compression format. It is an envelope for which there can be many audio, video and subtitles streams, allowing the user to store a complete movie or CD in a single file. Matrosla has incorporates features that you would expect from a modern container format like fast seeking in the file, high error recovery, chapter entries, selectable subtitle streams, selectable audio streams, modularly extendable, streamable over internet (HTTP and RTP audio & video streams), Menus (like DVD's have). MKV is similar to AVI – it is another container format. But MKV is much newer, and can contain all kinds of stuff that doesn't fit into AVI. It also has numerous features that AVI lacks. There's also the difference that windows knows how to open the AVI "box" by itself, since the format was developed by Microsoft in the first place. MKV, however, was not developed by Microsoft and windows do not handle MKV by itself.

How to convert MKV to MP4, AVI, WMV, MOV, MPG, 3GP, iPod, Zune, PSP, .etc?
As seldom players support this format, we'd better convert it to popular video format such as mp4, wmv, 3gp or others when we use it. We may use Nidesoft MKV Converter to convert it to all the popular video and audio format you want, as this converter support very comprehensive video formats. After download and install this program, you only need three steps to do it:
Step 1: click add button to add your mkv video from your computer. This converter support batch conversion, so you may add several video files at one time.

Step 2: click the format list to choose your profile. Here you may choose the output format you want.
Step 3: click the convert button to start conversion. The conversion will be completed in a short time.
You could also set the video size, crop mode, video quality and audio quality for your output videos by yourself.
Ok, now you have convert your MKV files to other format files and you may use it more convenient.

Creating Bootable Cds

There are many applications for bootable CD-ROMs (we'll call them BCDs) - the most common being when undertaking large roll-outs and when using test rigs, where it is often useful to combine operating systems with boot and diagnostic diskettes to automate the process of setting up machines.

If you need to repeatedly test from clean installations it can save lots of time if you image a disk drive and put the image, along with the imaging software, on a BCD.

It can also be a timesaver to have frequently used boot and diagnostic diskettes on CD, and it's an easy way to work with PCs that do not have a floppy disk drive.

To see if a PC supports booting from a CD, check your BIOS set-up screens. SCSI drives have their own BIOS on the adapter; IDE drives use code in the system BIOS. Most modern SCSI adapters have a BIOS that allows it, and most motherboards of the last two years support booting from IDE CD drives.

If you are able to change the boot options, and it lists "CD-ROM", your system supports booting from a CD. If you have a 1995 or 1996 motherboard or SCSI card that does not support it, it's probably worth contacting the manufacturer -many have BIOS upgrades available.
Technical Details
When a BCD is created, a "boot record" is put at the very beginning of the CD, just as it is with a bootable floppy or hard disk.

This record specifies whether the CD is to emulate a floppy or hard disk drive, and contains a pointer to the location of the actual boot image file.

The El Torito specification, created by IBM and Phoenix Technologies, was designed to be completely compatible with the ISO 9660 CD standard. It adds to the ISO 9660 specification by requiring a boot record at sector 11 of the last session on the CD.

The boot record contains an absolute sector number that points to the "boot catalog". There's no restriction on the location of the boot catalog. The catalog contains a list of entries describing all the "boot images" present on the CD. Again, there's no restriction on where the boot images can be on the CD. There can be any number of them, of three different types:

1. "Bootable emulation" causes the image to be mapped to drive A or C, as a conventional bootable storage device.
2. "Non-bootable emulation" maps the image as a conventional storage device, and allocates the last drive letter to it.
3. "No emulation" is a special mode which loads the image into memory and executes it -extremely useful when developing copy protection or "smart" CDs designed for a variety of disparate systems. For example, the "no emulation" mode is used in the Windows NT operating system CDs.


There is much scope for system vendors to create multi-image CDs where the boot image is selected dynamically by the system BIOS, but this requires a lot of manual assembling and editing, and is beyond the range of this article.

Although it is relatively easy to manually assemble the boot catalog, most BIOSes do not allow selection of the image and you will have to write a small amount of low level system code to do it. CDs can be set to boot as drive A or C. The fact that they are a late addition to the PC makes them subject to certain other restrictions.

To boot as drive A, the boot image must be made in the same format as a 1.2 MB, 1. 4 MB or 2. 88 MB floppy disk. The first floppy disk drive, if present, will become the B drive. If the system has a second floppy disk drive, it will not be accessible.

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